In the early 20th century, heavy goods movement within cities relied heavily on horse-drawn carts, often called drays. These sturdy, typically two-wheeled vehicles were used to transport freight over short distances. A “transfer” in this context described the process of moving goods from one mode of transportation to another, often from a railcar or steamship to a dray for final delivery to a warehouse or business. This transfer frequently occurred at designated freight depots or wharves. For example, a shipment of cotton arriving by rail might be transferred to a dray for delivery to a textile mill.
This system, while seemingly rudimentary, was vital to urban commerce. Drays and the associated transfer operations provided the “last mile” delivery crucial for efficient distribution of goods. Their widespread use facilitated the growth of businesses reliant on timely delivery of raw materials and products. The efficiency of these transfers directly impacted the speed of commerce and contributed significantly to the economic activity of the period. The system’s robustness was evident in its ability to handle significant volumes of goods despite technological limitations.
Understanding the logistics of this era’s freight handling illuminates the challenges and innovations that shaped early 20th-century urban development and the evolution of transportation networks. Further examination will delve into the specific roles of different types of drays, the working conditions of draymen, and the gradual displacement of this system by motorized vehicles.
